Pakistan Flood Essay Example for Free

Pakistan Flood Essay The Pakistan flood of 2010 happened on Monday the 26th July 2010 in the villages Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan. Causes The heavy rains were caused by a monsoon depression (also called a monsoon low) that formed over the Bay of Bengal on July 24, crossed over India, and reached Pakistan on July 27 Climate change – There was unusually heavy monsoon rains which caused widespread flooding in Pakistan, whilst coinciding in Russia unusually high temperatures ( resulting in a heat wave). Both of which were attributed to global warming. Poor river management Impacts Over 500,000 or more people had been displaced from their homes At least 1,540 people died, 2,088 people had received injuries and 557,226 houses had been destroyed. Infrastructure was destroyed. The Karakoram Highway, which connects Pakistan with China, was closed after a bridge was destroyed. Floodwater destroyed the health care infrastructure leaving people vulnerable to water-borne disease Millions of crops were destroyed leaving a severe shortage of food across the country Responses * petitions were immediately launched by international organisation, like the UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC)– and the UN (United Nations) – to help Pakistanis hit by the floods * the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) provided support in disaster management authorities to assist evacuate populations from affected areas of southern Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, * Many charities and aid agencies provided help, including the Red Crescent and Medicines Sans Frontiers * Pakistan’s government also tried to raise money to help the huge number of people affected * But there were complaints that the Pakistan government was slow to respond to the crisis, and that it struggled to cope * Foreign Governments donated millions of dollars, and Saudi Arabia and the  USA promised $600 million in flood aid. But many people felt that the richer foreign governments didn’t do enough to help * The UN’s World Food Programme provided crucial food aid. But, by November 2010, they were warning that they might have cut the amount of food handed out, because of a lack of donations from richer countries Effects There were both long-term and short-term effects, they include: Short-term:- * At least 1600 people died * Aid couldn’t get through because of the failing infrastructure 45 major bridges and thousands of kilometres of roads were destroyed or badly damaged, limiting the aid supplies reaching the areas badly affected * loss of cattle resulted in loss of dairy products * Access to health care, such as maternity care was difficult due to the damaged infrastructure Long-term:- * 20 million Pakistanis were affected (over 10% of the population), 6 million needed food aid * Whole villages were swept away, and over 700,000 homes were damaged or destroyed * Hundreds of thousands of Pakistanis were displaced, and many suffered from malnutrition and a lack of clean water * 5000 miles of roads and railways were washed away, along with 1000 bridges * 160,000km2 of land were affected. That’s at least 20% of the country * About 6.5 million acres of crops were washed away in Punjab and Sindh provinces Future Local authority-run disaster management forums, including local men and women were set up to assess future flood situation and created Community Rapid Response Teams to plan search and rescue activities. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) produced a plan to  employ local tradesmen to help reconstruct shelters, etc which in turn provided an income for those people this will encourage the local economy to grow. Reconstructing and strengthening the irrigation band was deemed crucial to protect villages in the future. A plan to rebuild embankment and well maintain them was created.

Mark Twain :: Free Essays

Just as Huckleberry Finn found peril along the waters of the great Mississippi River, contemporary students often find themselves treading their own 'deep waters' trying to understand and interpret the works of author Samuel Clemens, a.k.a. Mark Twain. But what Huck Finn never had, today's literature students do: the answer to any dilemma of interpretation...a website entitled Mark-Twain-Essays.Com. Tired of crawling through web pages with scant information and little to go on? THIS site contains not one.... not ten... but dozens upon dozens of essays reviewing, analyzing, & critiquing the works of Mark Twain! Whether you're reading The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer for the first time or performing a comparison and contrast between Pudd'nhead Head Wilson and Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur's' Court.Biography: Twain was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835, moving to the city of Hannibal (in the same state) when he was four. His formal schooling ended at the age of twelve, when he became apprenticed to a printer. His natural flair for words took him from printing into journalism, and his wanderlust took him from journalism into the life of a Mississippi riverboat pilot (Ousby 946). Reflecting his own life: Twain depicts much of his early life in the book Life on the Mississippi. As Albert Bigelow Paine writes, "In Life on the Mississippi we have [Twain’s] story of how he met Horace Bixby and decided to become a pilot instead of a South American adventurer -- jauntily setting himself the stupendous task of learning the twelve hundred miles of the Mississippi River between St. Louis and New Orleans -- of knowing it as exactly and as unfailingly, even in the dark, as one knows the way to his own features. It seems incredible to those who knew Mark Twain in his later years -- dreamy, unpractical, and indifferent to details -- that he could have acquired so vast a store of minute facts as were required by that task.

Computerised Environmental Control and Plant Management Systems

For the new modern state of the art green houses there is the ability to run a computerised plant control system which controls the heat and ventilation of the greenhouse. It is likely that there will be different requirements for the system through the year. Alteration on the computer programme will allow the greenhouse environment to be adjusted which will help the growth of certain plants. Building a state of the art greenhouse with a computerised environmental control system will enable Progress Plants to create the best possible conditions for the plants. There is an array of climate condition which the Ventilation control creates. Moreover a computerised environmental control system helps towards greater savings of energy. And additionally help the progress of growth and plant management through a computerised control system. Additionally it will allow them to offer unusual plants at unusual times as they can create a season for the plants which can become an attraction if they bring in foreign plants which otherwise cannot be grown in the UK. The staff in the nursery as well as the head gardener will have more time on their hands as the Computerised environmental control system will water and add nutrients to the plants and create a perfect environment for the growth of the plants, as well as the fact staff won’t be needed to do regular checks on the plants so this means hours of staff can be cut down which leads to lower salary rates or some staff maybe made redundant or they could be given additional jobs within Progress Plants which reduces the number of staff needed and the current staff feel more important due to playing a bigger role within the business which helps productivity. Staff training may be needed to run the computerised plant control system so to save the business time and money they can be trained while the business is installing the system moreover it means that Progress Plants will not have to hire specialist staff which will cost more money and time. These changes will have to be made effectively and looked into as it can cause problems if they do not tackle the issues effectively. Due to using a computerised system to take over human roles there will be fewer mistakes made and there will be no need to motivate it as it is a machine which will constantly run saving the business money and time by giving plants heat and water when necessary. But the computer may break down which means that it will not be able to look after the plants, moreover it will cost a lot of money to fix and repair as well as set up and there will be distractions of moving the plants into a suitable place of storage and can be unhealthy which will be bad for the clients. Overall, the computerised control system for the greenhouses if affectively installed, run and developed will create a huge advantage for Progress Plants. Using this technology will lead to an increase in sales and profit which will benefit Progress Plants. Also the plants will be healthier than normal and increase sales with the benefit of being able to offer an unusual variety of plants. Additionally it will create a bigger marketing opportunity for Progress Plants.

What Are Reduced Adverb Clauses and How Do They Work

Reduced adverb clauses refer to the shortening of an adverb clause to an adverbial phrase of time, causality, or opposition. Adverb clauses may be reduced only if the subject of both the dependent (the adverb clause) and independent clause are the same. Here are detailed descriptions and instructions on how to reduce each type of adverb clause that has the same subject as the independent clause. But first, lets take a look at an example of a correct reduced adverb clause. Once you understand how to form reduced adverb clauses, take the reduced adverb clauses quiz to test your understanding. Teachers can use the printable version of this quiz in class. Correct Reduced Adverb Clause to Adverbial Phrase Because she has a test next week, she is studying very hard. - Having a test next week, she is studying very hard. Incorrect Reduced Adverb Clause to Adverbial Phrase Because she has a test next week, her mother is reviewing vocabulary with her. - Having a test next week, her mother is reviewing vocabulary with her. In the first example, the dependent adverb clause (Because she has a test next week) has the same subject as the independent clause (she is studying very hard.). In the second example, each clause has its own subject and can not be reduced. Only Certain Types of Adverb Clauses Can Be Reduced There are several adverb clauses in English such as adverb clauses of time, causality, opposition, condition, manner, and place. Not all adverb clauses can be reduced. Only adverb clauses of time, causality, and opposition can be reduced. Here are some examples of each type of adverb clause that can be reduced: Reduced Adverb Clauses of Time Before he bought the house, he did a lot of research. - Before buying the house, he did a lot of research.After she had lunch, she went back to work. - After having lunch, she went back to work. Reduced Adverb Clauses of Causality Because she was late, she excused herself at the meeting - Being late, she excused herself.As Tom had extra work to do, he stayed late at work. - Having extra work to do, Tom stayed late at work. Reduced Adverb Clauses of Opposition Though he had a lot of money, he didnt have many friends.- Though having a lot of money, he didnt have many friends.Although she was beautiful, she still felt shy. - Although beautiful, she still felt shy. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Time Adverb clauses of time are reduced in different ways depending on the time expression used. Here are the most common: Before / After / Since Keep the time wordRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form OR use a noun Examples: After he took the test, he slept for a long time.- After taking the test, he slept for a long time OR After the test, he slept for a long time.Since I moved to Rochester, I have gone to the Philharmonic numerous times. - Since moving to Rochester, I have gone to the Philharmonic numerous times. As Delete asRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: As I was falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy. - Falling asleep, I thought about my friends in Italy.As she was driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. - Driving to work, she saw a deer in the road. As soon as Delete as soon as and replace with upon or onRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: As soon as she finished the report, she gave it to the boss. - Upon finishing the report, she gave it to the boss.As soon as we woke up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. - On waking up, we got our fishing poles and went to the lake. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Causality Adverb clauses of causality (providing the reason for something) are introduced by the subordinating conjunctions because, since and as. Each of these reduce in the same manner. Remove the subordinating conjunctionRemove the subjectChange the verb to the gerund form Examples: Because he was late, he drove to work. - Being late, he drove to work.Since she was tired, she slept in late. - Being tired, she slept in late. NOTE: When using the negative form of the verb, place not before the gerund when reducing. Examples: As he didnt want to disturb her, he left the room quickly. - Not wanting to disturb her, he left the room quickly.Because she didnt understand the question, she asked the teacher for some help. - Not understanding the question, she asked the teacher for some help. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Opposition Adverb clauses of opposition beginning with though, although, or while can be reduced in the following manner: Keep the subordinating conjunctionRemove the subject and the verb beKeep the noun or adjectiveOR change the verb to the gerund form Examples: (adjective) While he was a happy man, he had many serious problems. - While happy, he had many serious problems.(noun) Though she was an excellent student, she failed to pass the test. -Though an excellent student, she failed to pass the test.ï » ¿(gerund) Although he had a car, he decided to walk.- Although having a car, he decided to walk.